Dishonest Trader

Let quantity purchased be 1 kg for Rs. 1000.

The shopkeeper sold the article at cost price. But since he sold only 900 gm, the 100 gm that he saved will be his profit.

So, C.P. = Rs. 900 and S.P. = Rs. 1000

Profit = S.P. – C.P. = 1000 – 900 = Rs. 100

So, profit percentage = (profit / C.P.) × 100 = (100 / 900) × 100 = (1 / 9) × 100 = 11.11%

Shopkeeper uses a weight of 900 gm in place of 1 kg, i.e. a reduction of 10%.

Now, we need to get back to 100. Difference remains the same, i.e. 10, but now the base will be 90.

The corresponding profit percentage = (10/90) × 100 = 11.11%

Shopkeeper uses a weight of 900 gm in place of 1 kg, i.e. a reduction of 10%.

10% = 1/10

Difference remains the same, but new base = 10 – 1 = 9

So, profit percentage = (1/9) × 100 = 11.11%

If a dishonest dealer professes to sell his goods at cost price, but uses false weight, then :

Gain percentage = $\frac{(True \hspace{1ex} weight − False \hspace{1ex} weight)}{(False \hspace{1ex} weight)}$ × 100% = (1000 −900)/900 × 100% = 100/900 × 100% = 11.11%

Let quantity purchased be 1 kg.

But since he sold only 900 gm, the 100 gm that he saved will be his profit.

The Multiplying factor because of cheating on volume = $\frac{Amount \hspace{1ex} charged \hspace{1ex} for}{Actual \hspace{1ex} amount \hspace{1ex} sold}$ = 1000 / 900 = 10/9 = 1.1111

So, profit percentage = (1.1111 – 1) × 100 = 11.11%

Let quantity purchased be 1 kg for Rs. 1000.

But since he sold only 800 gm, the 200 gm that he saved will be his profit too.

So, C.P. = Rs. 800 and S.P. = Rs. 1000

Profit = S.P. – C.P. = 1000 – 800 = Rs. 200

So, profit percentage = (profit / C.P.) × 100 = (200 / 800) × 100 = (1 / 4) × 100 = 25%

Required profit percentage = 25 + 25 + (25 × 25)/100 = 50 + 6.25 = 56.25% (here we have just applied the formula of successive percentages)

• Percentage Method

Shopkeeper seems to sell an article at a profit of 25%. (this is first profit)

But, he uses a weight which is in reality 20% less than the weight indicated on it.

Now, we need to get back to 100. Difference remains the same, i.e. 20, but now the base will be 80.

The corresponding profit percentage = (20/80) × 100 = 25%

So, 20% less weight is equivalent to 25% profit. (this is second profit)

Required profit percentage = Resultant of two profits = 25 + 25 + (25 × 25)/100 = 50 + 6.25 = 56.25%
(here we have just applied the formula of successive percentages)

• Fraction Method

Shopkeeper seems to sell an article at a profit of 25%. (this is first profit)

But, he uses a weight which is in reality 20% less than the weight indicated on it.

20% = 1/5

Difference remains the same, but new base = 5 – 1 = 4

So, profit percentage = (1/4) × 100 = 25% (this is second profit)

Required profit percentage = Resultant of two profits = 25 + 25 + (25 × 25)/100 = 50 + 6.25 = 56.25%
(here we have just applied the formula of successive percentages)

• Using formula 1

If a dishonest trader sells his goods at x% profit or loss on cost price and uses y% less weight, then his profit percentage or loss percentage will be = $\frac{(𝑦±𝑥)}{(100−𝑦)}$ × 100%

= ((20 + 25))/((100 −20)) × 100% = 45/80 × 100% = 9/16 × 100% = 56.25%

• Using formula 2

If a dishonest trader uses faulty weight of w units instead of r units and claims to make a profit of p%, then:

Real net profit percentage = $\frac{100 (r - w) + rp}{w}$

= [100 (100 - 80) + 100 × 25] / 80 = [2000 + 2500] / 80 = 4500/80 = 450/8 = 56.25%

Let quantity purchased be 1 kg for Rs. 1000.

But since he sold only 800 gm, the 200 gm that he saved will be his profit.

C.P. of 800 gm = Rs. 800 and S.P. = 1000 + 25% of 1000 = 1000 + 250 = Rs. 1250

The Multiplying factor because of cheating on volume = S.P./C.P. = 1250 / 800 = 125/80 = 1.5625

So, profit percentage = (1.5625 – 1) × 100 = 56.25%

Let C.P. = Rs. 100

Profit percentage = [(125 - 80) / 80] × 100% = (45/80) × 100% = 56.25%